Will Geopolitical Tensions Effect Oil and Stock Markets?

By the Curmudgeon

 

Introduction:

Investors and speculators appear to be stuck in a perennially bullish posture that treats every stock market decline, potential selloff, or risk factor as an opportunity to “buy fear” and prepare for stocks to rally higher.  The mentality continues to be buy the dip and sell puts whenever volatility spikes.

"Welcome to the brave new world where it appears that little short of full-fledged world war between nuclear-armed powers would be required to have a durable impact on financial markets. And even then, some begin to wonder," Reuters' Sujata Rao and Dhara Ranasinghe wrote.  Let’s examine, whether that opinion is valid.

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Geopolitical Risk Events and the Stock Market:

“No doubt worries over Iran have investors on edge,” said LPL Financial senior market strategist Ryan Detrick. “Stocks could be volatile for a while, but the impact to stocks from geopolitical events historically has tended to be short-lived,” he added.

Mr. Detrick is correct – most of the time.  A recent Schroders report identified the 1990 Gulf War, the 2001 9/11 attacks on New York and the 2003 Iraq invasion as the most monumental geopolitical risk events here of the past 30 years.

As we can see from the table below, courtesy of LPL Research (via Sam Stovall of CFRA), there have been only two double digit S&P 500 drawdowns due to geopolitical events since North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950.

https://i0.wp.com/lplresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/geopolitical-events-and-stock-market-reactions.png?ssl=1

Here’s a graphic which charts the world uncertainty index vs global stocks since the 2008 financial crisis:

Reuters Graphic

“The market has taken a view based on a decade’s worth of experience that this (Iran-U.S. conflict this month) is not going to escalate out of control,” said Societe Generale strategist Kit Juckes.

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Geopolitical Events, Oil Price Spikes, and Market Impact:

For decades, the energy price impact of major geopolitical conflicts has been the main concern to the wider economy and world markets. The threat of oil supply disruption has been a shadow on the global economy ever since a quadrupling of oil prices during the 1973 OPEC oil embargo and a 30% jump in 1990.

Indeed, a recent Schroders report identified the 1990 Gulf War, the 9/11/2001 attacks on New York and the 2003 Iraq invasion as the most serious geopolitical risk events here of the past 30 years.  Those all had the potential to curtail middle East oil supplies, especially since most of the 9/11 suicide terrorists were from Saudi Arabia and presumably received financial aid from that country (of course, the U.S. never retaliated).

A geopolitical risk index compiled by U.S. Federal Reserve Board researchers Dario Caldara and Matteo Iacoviello rates the September 14, 2019 Saudi oil field attacks at a relatively high 185 points, but well below the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq that scored 545 points.

How could that be when Saudi Arabia is still the world’s largest oil exporter and its oil production is threatened? 

It’s because oil price rises these days tend to be briefer than in the past.  Witness last week when oil prices spiked the day after the U.S. killed Iran’s top general but gave up all their gains by the end of the week.

This tepid crude oil price rise (and short-lived stock market decline) response to potential oil supply disruptions, reflects the changing nature of energy usage and geographical sources of supplies.

When Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990, oil was a key factor and rising crude prices put pressure on an already weak U.S. economy. But it is important to remember that in 1990, the U.S. was a major oil importer, and we were not a dominant energy producer on the global stage. Today, the U.S. is the world’s largest oil producer and our reliance on imports has been in decline for years as per this graph:

U.S. shale oil producers can now step up to offset price spikes stemming from Gulf supply disruptions, regardless of local politics or OPEC action, while the rise of renewable energy sources amid fears of climate change is happening at a rapid pace. 

Also, technology advancements and new efficiencies means that far less oil is needed to produce a dollar of global GDP today than was the case during the Arab oil embargo of 1973, which was largely responsible for the 1973-74 recession.  U.S. energy consumption has been relatively flat over the past decade. Fewer imports, more production, and level consumption mean less reliance on middle east oil.

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Iran and Iraq Instability vs the Oil Market:

Will Iran retaliate further (after their drone strikes on U.S. military bases in Iraq as a response to the U.S. killing of Iran Revolutionary Guard’s #1 commander Soleimani)?

Will Iraq oil supplies be disrupted due to the worsening conflict there with U.S. troops ordered to leave by Iraq’s parliament?

Iran has been blamed for attacks on Saudi oil facilities and oil tankers in the Strait of Hormuz—the thoroughfare for about a third of the world’s seaborne oil—over the past year, including attacks on Abqaiq and Khurais in September 2019 that rocked global oil markets. Iran has denied responsibility.

An ongoing concern is that a conflict in the region could result in Iran closing off the Strait of Hormuz, a potential oil chokepoint. The strait, which links the Persian Gulf and Asian markets, and through which an estimated 40% of the world's crude passes every day, is bordered on one side by Iran and on the other by Oman.  Iran has pledged to close the strait in the past if war breaks out.  Could that really happen?

BCA (formerly known as Bank Credit Analyst) Research provides some insight and clarity:

1. Iran is not yet likely to court a full-scale American attack by shutting down the Strait of Hormuz. It is more likely to retaliate via regional proxy attacks, including cutting off oil production, pipelines, and shipping — at a time of its choosing. If Trump’s pressure tactics succeed, it will advance Iran’s nuclear program rather than staging large-scale attacks.

However, Iran would have to create and maintain an oil supply shock the size of the September 2019 attack in Saudi Arabia for four months in order to ensure that American voters would feel the negative impact at the gas station before the November 2020 Presidential election.

The underlying US-Iran conflict will persist and create volatility in oil markets in 2020 and beyond. We also remain on guard for ways in which the Iran dynamic could affect Trump’s re-election odds and hence US policy and the markets over the coming year.

2.   Iraqi instability will worsen as a result of the past month’s events, bringing 3.5 million barrels of daily oil production under a higher probability of disruption than when we first flagged this risk. Supply disruptions there or elsewhere in the region would hasten the drawdown in global inventories and backwardation of prices occurring due to the revival in global demand on China stimulus and OPEC 2.0 production cuts. 

3.  Continued oil volatility, as in 2018-19, should be expected, but the risk for now lies to the upside as Middle East tensions could cause an overshoot. We remain long Brent crude and overweight energy sector equities.

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More fallout in the U.S.-Iran standoff (from Geopolitical Futures):

Unidentified aircraft targeted arms depots and vehicles carrying ballistic missiles of the Iran-backed Popular Mobilization Forces in Abu Kamal, Iraq, near the Syrian border. The attack killed eight Iraqi fighters. The Iraqi and Syrian governments have not commented, and no one has claimed responsibility for the attack. Though the U.S. said it would sustain its “maximum pressure campaign” against Iran, its U.N. ambassador said the U.S. was ready to negotiate without preconditions.

Other interested parties are preparing their own responses. The European Union’s Foreign Affairs Council has convened an emergency meeting on the situation in Iran (and Libya).

Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe will visit the Middle East to speak with leaders of the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Oman about cooperation with the Japanese Self-Defense Forces in the Strait of Hormuz. Japan intends to deploy a destroyer and two P-3C patrol planes to escort oil tankers through the strait and gather intelligence.

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Late Breaking News from Iran and Iraq:

Could a civil war be in the making in Iran? 

On Saturday, protesters in Tehran (Iran's capital) demanded the resignation of senior leaders following the admission by authorities - after days of denials - that Iranian forces accidentally downed a Ukrainian passenger plane, killing all 176 people on board. Ukraine International Airlines flight PS752 bound for Kyiv, Ukraine, crashed minutes after take-off from the Imam Khomeini International Airport in Tehran on Wednesday. 

That happened hours after Iran launched missile attacks on U.S. armed forces in Iraq in retaliation for the U.S. assassination of top Iranian commander Qassem Soleimani.  Yet in the days after PS752 crashed, Iran stated they had no role in downing the Ukrainian civil aircraft.  Iranian officials said it was due to a mechanical failure.

On Sunday, more protesters gathered in Tehran and other cities (including Kermanshah, Ahvaz, Rasht, Yazd, Semnan and Mashhad) to denounce what they called lying and incompetence by the country’s leadership, as additional security forces were deployed outside a university where hundreds of protesters had assembled.

The public rebuke reflects the challenges Iran faces in trying to keep a lid on months of unrest fomented by various social classes and ethnic backgrounds as the economy reels and foreign pressure mounts.

“The state’s legitimacy is severely challenged by people, regardless of their background,” said Alam Saleh, an Iran expert and lecturer in Middle East politics at Lancaster University in England. He said Tehran would need to enact reforms to show it is listening. “If not, [Iran] will have prolonged protests.”

A security crackdown in November—Iran’s deadliest in decades—killed hundreds, rights groups said, after protesters objected to austerity measures that raised fuel prices.

Iran has reinforced links with armed militias in the region, including Lebanon’s Hezbollah and Shiite militias in Iraq, some of which have recently attacked U.S. positions.

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Attack on an Iraqi Airbase hosting U.S. Military and Contractors:

A volley of rockets slammed into the Al-Balad [1] Iraqi airbase north of Baghdad, where U.S. forces have been stationed.  The attack wounded at least four Iraqi servicemen. The base had held a small U.S. Air Force contingent as well as American contractors, but a majority had been evacuated following tensions between the U.S. and Iran over the past two weeks, military sources told AFP news agency. 

Note 1. Al-Balad is the main airbase for Iraq’s F-16s, which it bought from the U.S. to upgrade its air capacities.

In a statement, the Iraqi military said eight Katyusha-type rockets landed on Al-Balad airbase - 80 kilometers (~50 miles) north of the capital - wounding two Iraqi officers and two airmen.

The U.S. has blamed Iran-backed militias for the attack, but no one have taken responsibility for it. 

Iraq military bases hosting U.S. troops have been subject to volleys of rocket and mortar attacks in recent months that have mostly wounded Iraqi forces, but also killed one American contractor last month.  That death set off a series of dramatic developments, with the US carrying out strikes against a pro-Iran paramilitary group in Iraq as well as a convoy carrying top Iranian and Iraqi commanders outside Baghdad airport.

Pro-Iran factions in Iraq have vowed revenge for those raids, even as Iran said it had already responded in “proportion” by striking another western airbase where US soldiers are located.

Rocket attacks against Baghdad’s high-security Green Zone, where the U.S. and other embassies are based alongside international troops, are still taking place.

So after almost 17 years of U.S. military presence, Iraq seems to be more unstable than ever, largely due to Iran backed militia’s trying to gain political influence in the country by their repeated attacks.

The upshot is that turmoil in Iraq would severely diminished Iraqi oil output which has the potential to significantly alter the global supply picture.  Iraq is the second-largest oil producer in the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. Excluding exports from the Kurdish Regional Government, Iraq exported around 3.3 million barrels a day in December, according to shipping tracker Kpler.

“The biggest risk is that…Iraq increasingly sides even more with Iran and that Iraq is hit by sanctions from the U.S.,” said Bjarne Schieldrop, chief commodities analyst at SEB Markets.

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Conclusion:

While we urge investors to not dismiss geopolitical crisis’ as irrelevant, one or more of them could end the oil and stock market complacency of the last several years.  In particular, an event which the Fed (and other Central Banks) can’t control could cause economic weakness and trigger a serious correction or bear market in global equities.

Today, tweets seem to have more impact than geopolitical events as per…

Closing Quote:

“Today’s markets are whipsawed by political slings and arrows, often in the form of tweets or breaking news reports. And ‘investors’ increasingly are reacting impulsively to a reality that’s shifting minute-by-minute,” said Brent Schutte, chief investment strategist at Northwestern Mutual Wealth Management Company, in a Monday note. “Put differently, broad swaths of equities can flip from winners to losers in an incredibly short time period — perhaps in the wake of a single tweet.”

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Good luck and till next time….

 The Curmudgeon
ajwdct@gmail.com

Follow the Curmudgeon on Twitter @ajwdct247

Curmudgeon is a retired investment professional.  He has been involved in financial markets since 1968 (yes, he cut his teeth on the 1968-1974 bear market), became an SEC Registered Investment Advisor in 1995, and received the Chartered Financial Analyst designation from AIMR (now CFA Institute) in 1996.  He managed hedged equity and alternative (non-correlated) investment accounts for clients from 1992-2005.

Victor Sperandeo is a historian, economist and financial innovator who has re-invented himself and the companies he's owned (since 1971) to profit in the ever changing and arcane world of markets, economies and government policies.  Victor started his Wall Street career in 1966 and began trading for a living in 1968. As President and CEO of Alpha Financial Technologies LLC, Sperandeo oversees the firm's research and development platform, which is used to create innovative solutions for different futures markets, risk parameters and other factors.

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